Invited review article

Invited review article

Invited review article: Methods for imaging weak-phase objects in electron microscopy Rev Sci Instrum. Nov;84(11) doi: / Author Robert M Glaeser 1 Affiliation 1 Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Invited Review Article: Recent developments in isotope-ratio mass spectrometry for geochemistry and cosmochemistry Trevor R. Irelanda) Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT , Australia (Received 6 February ; accepted 5 October ; published online 2 January ) Mass spectrometry is fundamental to measurements of isotope 27/7/ · This review attempts to describe the state-of-the-art of single-photon sources and detectors over the broad range of fields in which these technologies are employed. We have attempted to make the review accessible to those who are new to the field, while at the same time serving as a valuable reference to experts. More specific reviews focused on quantum-metrology applications

Invited review article: Methods for imaging weak-phase objects in electron microscopy

Contrast has traditionally been produced in electron-microscopy of weak phase objects by simply defocusing the objective lens. There now is renewed interest, however, in using devices that apply a uniform quarter-wave phase shift to the scattered electrons relative to the unscattered beam, or that generate in-focus image contrast in some other way. Renewed activity in making an electron-optical equivalent of the familiar "phase-contrast" light microscope is based in part on the improved possibilities that are now invited review article for device microfabrication.

There is also a better understanding that it is important to take full advantage of contrast that can be had at low spatial frequency when imaging large, macromolecular objects. In addition, a number of conceptually new phase-plate designs have been proposed, thus increasing the number of options that are available for development. The advantages, disadvantages, invited review article, and current status of each of these options is now invited review article and contrasted.

Experimental results that are, indeed, superior to what can be accomplished with defocus-based phase contrast have been obtained recently with two different designs of phase-contrast aperture. Nevertheless, extensive work also has shown that fabrication of such devices is inconsistent, and that their working lifetime is short. The main limitation, in fact, appears to be electrostatic charging of any device that is placed into the electron diffraction pattern.

The challenge in fabricating phase plates that are practical to use for routine work in electron microscopy thus may be more in the area of materials science invited review article in the area of electron optics.

Abstract Contrast has traditionally been produced in electron-microscopy of weak phase objects by simply defocusing the objective lens, invited review article. Publication types Research Support, N.

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1/10/ · In the present review, we have categorized the various theories of aging as evolutionary, molecular, cellular, and systemic. The choice of these categories and the order in which they are presented reflect their affinity to physiological discourse. Thus theories of aging may overlap at various levels of organization: alterations with aging of 1/8/ · A review by Derekar conducts a review of the rolling process in WAAM, specifically for aluminium alloys. The process may be carried out immediately behind the welding torch. However, the temperature at which the rolling is carried out is important to the efficacy of the process. For example, due to greater thermal conductivity an application of an intralayer rolling process i.e immediately Invited Review Article: Recent developments in isotope-ratio mass spectrometry for geochemistry and cosmochemistry Trevor R. Irelanda) Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT , Australia (Received 6 February ; accepted 5 October ; published online 2 January ) Mass spectrometry is fundamental to measurements of isotope